The Atlantic Forest, a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil, has ecoregions within the following biome categories: seasonal moist and dry broad-leaf tropical forests, tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, shrublands, and mangrove forests. It is characterized by high biodiversity and endemism.
Itatiaia in Brazil is located in a region within the Atlantic Forest Biome, an area where there is a transition between different forest types - the semi-deciduous and evergreen Ombrophilous forest. Rare species are one of the principal components of the species richness and diversity encountered in dense Ombrophilous tropical forests. Unfortunately, around the Paraiaba do Sul River, where once stood these forests, it is now mostly covered with pasture lands with just a few remnants of the original forests. The on-going challenge is to redevelop the Atlantic Forest that was once prevalent along the River Paraiba do Sul and other areas of Brazil.